Organizational Structures

Functional

Functional managers or vice presidents in specialties such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report to the CEO.
Their staffs have specialized skills in their respective disciplines.

Project

Instead of functional managers or vice presidents reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO.
Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete the projects within their programs.
An organization that uses this structure earns its revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract.

Matrix

The middle ground between functional and project structures.
Personnel often report both to a functional manager and one or more project managers.

Phases of the Traditional Project Life Cycle

概念、开发、实施和收尾。

Product Life Cycles

项目：为创造一种独特的产品、服务或成果而进行的临时性努力，并把项目群定义为以一种协同方式进行管理的一组项目。所有产品都遵循某种种类的生命周期。

Q&A

A project life cycle is a collection of project phases, Project phases vary by project or industry, but some general phases include（ ）

A、concept

B、development

C、Design

D、close-out

答案：看之前的整理写的是全部，但是 Design 到底是不是呢，按照传统项目周期看好像没有 Design。

Distinguishing between Project Life Cycles and Product Life Cycles ( )

A、The project life cycle applies to all projects, regardless of the products being produced

B、Product life cycle models vary considerably based on the nature of the product

C、Most large IT products are developed as a series of projects

D、Project management is done in all of the product life cycle phases

答案：BC

Narrate the three organizational structures: functional ,projects and matrix briefly.

答案：见上文