Strategic Planning
SWOT
Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats
Financial Analysis of Projects
- Net present value (NPV) analysis
- Return on investment (ROI)
- Payback analysis
Developing a Project Charter
项目章程是用来正式确认项目存在并明确项目目标和项目管理的一种文件。
What is a project charter? Discuss the inputs that can aid the development of a project charter.
A project charter is a document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project’s objectives and management. It authorizes the project manager to use organizational resources to complete the project. Ideally, the project manager provides a major role in developing the project charter.
The following inputs are helpful in developing a project charter:
- A project statement of work
- A business case
- Agreements
- Enterprise environmental factors
- Organizational process assets
Developing a Project Management Plan
- A project management plan is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project’s execution and control
- Plans created in the other knowledge areas are subsidiary parts of the overall project management plan
Directing and Managing Project Work
Coordinating Planning and Execution
Providing Leadership and a Supportive Culture
Capitalizing on Product, Business, and Application Area Knowledge
Project Execution Tools and Techniques
Monitoring and Controlling Project Work
A baseline is the approved project management plan plus approved changes.
Performing Integrated Change Control
What is integrated control? What are the main objecteives of integrated change control?
Integrated change control invlves identifying, evaluating, and managing changes throughout the project life cycle. The three main objectives of integrated change control are:
- Influencing the factors that create cahnges to ensure that changes are beneficial.
- Determining that a change has occurred.
- Managing actual changes as they occurred.
Change Control System
Change Control Board (CCB)
A change control board is a formal group of people responsible for approving or rejecting changes on a project.
Making Timely Changes
Configuration Management
Closing Projects or Phases
Q&A
About Project Plan Development, which is correct()
A、A project plan is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents
B、Its main purpose is to guide project execution
C、Project plans assist the project manager in leading the project team and assessing project status
D、Project performance should be measured against a baseline project plan
答案:
Common Elements of a Project Plan are ()
A、Introduction or overview of the project
B、Description of how the project is organized
C、Management and technical processes used on the project
D、Work to be done, schedule, and budget information
ABCD
8、阅读以下关于变更的叙述,回答问题 1 至问题 3
【说明】
在一个正在实施的系统集成项目中出现了下述情况:一个系统的用户向他所认识的 一个项目开发人员抱怨系统软件中的一项功能问题,并且表示希望能够进行修改。于是,该 开发人员就直接对系统软件进行了修改,解决了该项功能问题。针对这样一种情况,请分析 如下问题:
【问题 1】(5 分)请用 150 字以内的文字,说明上述情况中存在着哪些问题?
(1)对用户的要求未进行记录
(2)对变更的请求未进行足够的分析,也没有获得批准
(3)在修改过程中没有注意进行版本管理
(4)修改完成后未进行验证
(5)修改的内容未和项目干系人进行沟通
【问题 2】(5 分)请用 300 字以内的文字,说明上述情况可能会导致什么样的后果?
(1)缺乏对变更请求的记录可能会导致对产品的变更历史无法追溯,并会导致对工作产物的整体变化失去把握
(2)缺乏对变更请求的分析可能会导致后期的变更工作出现工作缺失,与其他工作不一致问题,对项目的进度,成本,质量方面也会产生一定影响
(3)在修改过程中不注意版本管理,一方面可能会导致当变更失败时无法进行复原,造成成本损耗和进度拖延,另一方面,对组织财富和经验的积累也是不利的
(4)修改完成后不进行验证则难以确认变更是否正确实现,未变更付出的工作量也无法得到承认
(5)未与项目干系人进行沟通可能会导致项目干系人的工作之间出现不一致之处,进而影响项目的整体质量
【问题 3】(5 分)请用 300 字以内的文字,说明配置管理中完整的变更处置流程。
(1)变更申请。应记录变更的提出人,日期,申请变更的内容等信息。
(2)变更评估。对变更的影响范围,严重程度,经济和技术可行性进行系统分析。
(3)变更决策。由具有相应权限的人员或机构决定是否实施变更。
(4)变更实施。由管理者指定的工作人员在受控状态下实施变更。
(5)变更验证。有配置管理人员或受到变更影响的人对变更结果进行评价确定变更结果和预期是否相符,相关内容是否进行了更新,工作产物是否符合版本管理的要求
(6)沟通存档。将变更后的内容通知可能会受到影响的人员,并将变更记录汇总归档。如提出的变更在决策时被否决,其初始记录也应予以保存。
在一个正在实施的系统集成项目中出现了下述情况:一个系统的用户向他所认识的 一个项目开发人员抱怨系统软件中的一项功能问题,并且表示希望能够进行修改。于是,该 开发人员就直接对系统软件进行了修改,解决了该项功能问题。针对这样一种情况,请分析 如下问题:
【问题 1】(5 分)
请用 150 字以内的文字,说明上述情况中存在着哪些问题?
(1)对用户的要求未进行记录
(2)对变更的请求未进行足够的分析,也没有获得批准
(3)在修改过程中没有注意进行版本管理
(4)修改完成后未进行验证
(5)修改的内容未和项目干系人进行沟通
【问题 2】(5 分)
请用 300 字以内的文字,说明上述情况可能会导致什么样的后果?
(1)缺乏对变更请求的记录可能会导致对产品的变更历史无法追溯,并会导致对工作产物的整体变化失去把握
(2)缺乏对变更请求的分析可能会导致后期的变更工作出现工作缺失,与其他工作不一致问题,对项目的进度,成本,质量方面也会产生一定影响
(3)在修改过程中不注意版本管理,一方面可能会导致当变更失败时无法进行复原,造成成本损耗和进度拖延,另一方面,对组织财富和经验的积累也是不利的
(4)修改完成后不进行验证则难以确认变更是否正确实现,未变更付出的工作量也无法得到承认
(5)未与项目干系人进行沟通可能会导致项目干系人的工作之间出现不一致之处,进而影响项目的整体质量
【问题 3】(5 分)
请用 300 字以内的文字,说明配置管理中完整的变更处置流程。
(1)变更申请。应记录变更的提出人,日期,申请变更的内容等信息。
(2)变更评估。对变更的影响范围,严重程度,经济和技术可行性进行系统分析。
(3)变更决策。由具有相应权限的人员或机构决定是否实施变更。
(4)变更实施。由管理者指定的工作人员在受控状态下实施变更。
(5)变更验证。有配置管理人员或受到变更影响的人对变更结果进行评价确定变更结果和预期是否相符,相关内容是否进行了更新,工作产物是否符合版本管理的要求
(6)沟通存档。将变更后的内容通知可能会受到影响的人员,并将变更记录汇总归档。如提出的变更在决策时被否决,其初始记录也应予以保存。
What is a weighted scoring model? How is it created?
A weighted scoring model is a tool that provides a systematic process for selecting projects based on many criteria. These criteria can include factors such as meeting broad organizational needs; addressing problems, opportunities, or directives; the amount of time it will take to complete the project; the overall priority of the project; and projected financial performance of the project.
The first step in creating a weighted scoring model is to identify criteria important to the project selection process. It often takes time to develop and reach agreement on these criteria. Holding facilitated brainstorming sessions or using groupware to exchange ideas can aid in developing these criteria. Some possible criteria for information technology projects include:
- Supports key business objectives
- Has strong internal sponsor
- Has strong customer support
- Uses realistic level of technology
- Can be implemented in one year or less
- Provides positive NPV
- Has low risk in meeting scope, time, and cost goals
Next, you assign a weight to each criterion. Once again, determining weights requires consultation and final agreement. These weights indicate how much you value each criterion or how important each criterion is. You can assign weights based on percentages, and the sum of all of the criteria’s weights must total 100 percent. You then assign numerical scores to each criterion (for example, 0 to 100) for each project. The scores indicate how much each project meets each criterion. At this point, you can use a spreadsheet application to create a matrix of projects, criteria, weights, and scores. After assigning weights for the criteria and scores for each project, you calculate a weighted score for each project by multiplying the weight for each criterion by its score and adding the resulting values.